The Montessori method of educating children is guided by perhaps a half–dozen major principles of education. The first affirms the biological programming of child development, the child's capacity for self – realization, for "auto-education." The second calls for "scientific pedagogy." A science of childhood based on observation.

The third demands a natural environment in which self-development can be expressed and observed. Montessori believed that the school could be made into such an environment, thus becoming a laboratory for scientific pedagogy. This environment should be determined scientifically. In order to expand, children, left at liberty to exercise their activities, ought to find in their surroundings something organized in direct relation to the children's internal organization. All of these principles imply the next, which Montessori calls the " biological concept of liberty in pedagogy": the child must be free to act spontaneously and to interact with the prepared environment. The entire program is concerned with the individual child; the spontaneity, the needs, the observation, the freedom are always those of the individual. Finally, the modus operandi of the method is sensory training.

1.   Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

(A)  Principles of the Montessori Method

(B)  Modern Principles of Education

(C)  Results of the Montessori Method

(D)  Stages of Child Development

2.   In line 6, the phrase "such an environment" refers to which of the following kinds of environment?

(A)  Biological, accompanied by specimens

(B)  Scientific, accompanied by experiments

(C)  Pedagogical, in which ideology prevails

(D)  Natural, in which self-expression prevails

3.   According to the passage, the Montessori method focuses on

(A)  the individual child

(B)  pairs of children

(C)  small groups of children

(D)  large groups of children

4.   It can be inferred from the passage that the Montessori method was named after a

(A)  school

(B)  town

(C)  person

(D)  book

5.   Which of the following would NOT be advocated by the Montessori method?

(A)  Tightly controlling children's group activities

(B) Carefully teaching children to listen and observe

(C)  Permitting children to work at their own pace

(D)  Allowing children to speak out at will during classes

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